Melting ice threatens future of emperor penguins by 2100
The emperor penguin, the largest of all penguins, could face extinction by the end of the 21st century. Research published in "Biological Conservation" suggests a 90 percent population decline by 2100.
The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), the largest penguin species primarily inhabiting Antarctica, is at serious risk of extinction. According to scientists in the "Biological Conservation" article, the population could decrease by up to 90 percent by 2100. This means that by the last decade of this century, this magnificent creature could become extremely rare.
Climate change and the future of penguins
Climate change is the primary threat to emperor penguins. The melting Antarctic ice cover significantly impacts their ability to live, hunt, and raise young. These penguins require stable ice sheets to breed their chicks, a condition that is becoming increasingly scarce.
A team of scientists from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) conducted research revealing that emperor penguins are more vulnerable to extinction than previously thought. Professor Phil Trathan from the British Antarctic Survey emphasizes that the decline in emperor penguin numbers serves as an indicator of changing environmental conditions in Antarctica.
The team used the Multi-Model Large Ensemble (MMLE) simulation system to study penguins, enabling them to create models of Earth's future ecosystems. Researchers employed three different models to estimate the probability of emperor penguin extinction. These models take into account a gradual population increase starting in 1950, followed by a decline beginning in the 1980s. The conclusion? All models suggest this process will peak around 2100, when the emperor penguin could become extinct.
The necessity of emperor penguin protection
Results from WHOI research highlight the need for protective measures. The conservation status of the emperor penguin has been updated from"species of "least concern" to "near threatened". However, researchers believe this status change might not be sufficient to prevent further population decline.
Emperor penguins are an outstanding example of adaptation to the extreme conditions of Antarctica. Their ancestors originated from warmer regions but evolved to survive in a harsh climate. Unfortunately, current climate changes may surpass their adaptive abilities, placing the future of this species in jeopardy.
