Ukrainian victory: Dismantling Russia's formidable TOS‑1A in combat

Ukrainian soldiers, stationed in the Kherson region near the town of Krynki, managed to destroy the formidable TOS-1A heavy flamethrower, which is in essence a thermobaric rocket launcher. This piece delves into the workings of this system.

The Ukrainian stronghold, situated on the other side of the Dnieper in the town of Krynki, poses a significant challenge for the Russians. As a countermeasure, they resort to using the frightening thermobaric rocket launchers, TOS-1A, to eliminate it.

These launchers are optimally designed for neutralizing an enemy in fortified areas as they essentially vaporize a human at the epicenter of the hit. Their range however is rather limited, reaching only about 3.7 miles. Consequently, they become an easy target for predatory drones or artillery.

The TOS-1A systems are extremely powerful and capable of obliterating anything living with their thermobaric warheads. These are also referred to as the "poor man's nuclear weapons" due to the extensive devastation they cause in the impact zone. The Russian army originally designed and incorporated them into service as heavy flamethrowers. They first saw the battlefield during the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.

The design of these systems, although simple, is effective. Built on the chassis of the T-72 tank, they incorporate a launcher for 24 unguided 220 mm rockets. Each missile holds about 99 pounds of thermobaric explosive charge, contributing to the weapon's power and efficacy.

The thermobaric charge distinguishes itself from ordinary explosive charges by not containing oxygen. It, instead, draws oxygen from the air. Prior to exploding, the thermobaric charge disperses into the air in the form of an aerosol, with the main igniter being detonated subsequently.

The explosion of a thermobaric charge is incredibly powerful. It can result in temperatures of up to 5432 degrees Fahrenheit in the immediate area. Moreover, all available oxygen is consumed, creating a vacuum. This is followed by a shock wave which, due to the formed vacuum, returns shortly after, creating high pressure.

Such an explosion causes not only the ripping apart from soft tissues, but also leads to a death full of suffering for those who survive the initial impacts of the explosion. This devastating effect is amplified within enclosed spaces, such as buildings or fortifications, where the shock waves resonate.