New scientific breakthrough: Researchers uncover how microbes can pinpoint the time of death

The journal "Nature Microbiology" recently published research on changes occurring in the human body post-mortem. Scientists highlight the critical role of fungi and bacteria in the decomposition process, suggesting that they can offer valuable clues about the time of death. It turns out these microorganisms know quite a bit about our passing.

The study involved 36 human corpses donated by individuals who voluntarily contributed their bodies to science. The bodies were placed at so-called body farms in three different locations: Tennessee, Texas, and Colorado, representing temperate, humid, and semi-arid climates, respectively.

According to Live Science, scientists collected DNA samples from the skin of the deceased and the soil surrounding the bodies during the first 21 days after death, when intensive tissue decomposition occurs. These samples helped create a comprehensive picture of the microbiome at each location.

Regardless of location, climate, or season, researchers discovered the same set of approximately 20 specialized decomposing microorganisms on all 36 bodies. Phys.com notes that these microorganisms appeared at specific times during the 21-day observation period, with insects playing a crucial role in their arrival.

Using the collected data and previous analyses, the researchers developed a machine learning tool to determine the time elapsed since death with an accuracy of up to three days. Scientists believe their findings could be instrumental in forensic investigations across various climatic conditions. However, they caution that further research is needed to refine the tool.

The tool's goal is to be effective in real-world situations, not just in controlled research environments. Bodies are often buried, wrapped in materials, or placed in water, limiting access to insects that play a vital role in decomposition. In such cases, the decomposition process may differ, so verifying whether similar patterns emerge is essential.

Prof. David Carter from Chaminade University in Honolulu, a participant in the research, stated: "When you’re talking about investigating death scenes, there are very few types of physical evidence you can guarantee will be present at every scene, You never know if there will be fingerprints, or bloodstains or camera footage. But the microbes will always be there."