Modernized B61‑12 bombs bolster US NATO nuclear strategy
The United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) has completed modernization work on B61-12 nuclear bombs. These measures aim to extend the bombs' service life. The B61-12 replaces previously used variants, namely B61-3, B61-4, B61-7, and B61-10. The modernized weapon will be deployed to both American and NATO bases in Europe.
B61 bombs, part of the American nuclear arsenal since 1968, are considered some of the oldest and most versatile weapons in this arsenal. The latest variant, B61-12, combines the features of all its predecessors but offers greater accuracy and a lower-yield warhead with a yield range of about 0.3 to 50 kilotons.
B61-12 - American nuclear bombs after modernization
The B61-12 is equipped with a guidance system using a Tail Kit Assembly, allowing for precise targeting. This design enables reduced explosive power while maintaining the same effectiveness as previous variants. Additionally, the bomb has a dial-a-yield capability, ranging from approximately 0.3 kilotons to a maximum of 50 kilotons. This makes it more versatile and adaptable to specific combat scenarios.
The B61-12 uses the same fissile material sourced from older bombs but features a new casing. These updates allow the United States to extend the bombs' lifespan by about 20 years. Introducing the latest variant significantly does not increase the US nuclear arsenal, as the weapon is modernized rather than newly manufactured. The official number of B61-12 bombs in service remains classified; however, unofficial estimates suggest about 400 to 500 units.
Deployment of B61-12 in Europe
According to Bulgarian Military, citing NNSA chief Jill Gruby, the new bomb variant will be deployed to American Air Force bases and NATO bases in Europe. So far, the United States has deployed around 100 to 150 B61 bombs in older variants—primarily B61-3 and B61-4—in this region across six bases: Kleine Brogel in Belgium, Büchel in Germany, Aviano and Ghedi in Italy, Volkel in the Netherlands, and Incirlik in Turkey. These bases are set to receive the B61-12.
During a speech at the Hudson Institute on January 16, Jill Gruby emphasized NATO's strength, announcing the full deployment of the new B61-12 gravity bombs. She also highlighted efforts to enhance NATO's transparency regarding its nuclear capabilities through facility visits and regular engagements.
Hans Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists, suggested that Jill Gruby's remarks could be interpreted as an unofficial confirmation that the deployment of B61-12 nuclear bombs in Europe has commenced, according to EuroAsianTimes.
Modernized B61-12 bombs have become a part of the US and NATO deterrence strategy, assuming that the presence of nuclear weapons in Europe will discourage potential adversaries, such as Russia, from aggression against allies. Additionally, the B61-12 is compatible with modern aircraft, including fifth-generation F-35 fighters (F-15E, F-16, and Tornado), which are gradually becoming standard in the air forces of many NATO states. In practice, deploying B61-12 in Europe facilitates cooperation among NATO members within the joint nuclear deterrence policy and potential response to aggression from hostile nations.
