Katla volcano's potential eruption could reshape Europe

The Katla volcano, a giant hidden beneath the ice, even inspired the title of an Icelandic crime novel on a streaming platform. It may one day fully reveal its capabilities. The last recorded eruption of Katla was in 1918.

This is a unique volcano. It lies beneath Iceland's fourth-largest glacier, Mýrdalsjökull. For years, it has been accumulating energy in a massive magma chamber. What makes this geological formation particularly concerning is its complete unpredictability.

Recently, the volcano reminded us of its presence in May 2023, with over 40 recorded earthquakes in a span of 24 hours.

These tremors did not cause significant damage, but three exceeded a magnitude of 4 on the Richter scale, which ranges from 0 to 9. Magnitude levels less than 2 are usually not felt by people, while levels greater than eight generally cause extensive damage.

Scientists believe that if Katla were to have a larger eruption, its effects could be felt across Europe. The most immediate threat would be gigantic glacial floods, known as jökulhlaups.

The volcano's activity beneath the glacier melts the ice cover over vast areas. The release of water and volcanic mud would significantly threaten the island and its inhabitants.

Additionally, volcanic ash fallout could reach eastern Europe. A much smaller volcano, Eyjafjallajökull, previously paralyzed air traffic over Europe in 2010. This time, the consequences would likely be more severe.

An eruption of Katla could also significantly impact the environment. The release of huge amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere could affect the climate, agriculture, and the economy.

Scientists are urging for the unpredictable Katla to be included in Europe’s crisis management scenarios. The volcano could unleash its power unexpectedly, and having an emergency plan in place would be prudent.