Fungi from Chernobyl: A new hope for space travel
Unusual fungi found in the damaged nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl power plant may prove useful in space. Research conducted on the species Cladosporium sphaerospermum could contribute to the success of future space journeys or aid in the protection of colonies on other planets.
Researchers analyzed samples of three fungi from Chernobyl that have adapted to extremely harsh conditions. It was discovered that Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Wangiella dermatitidis grow more rapidly in the presence of radiation.
The unique fungus was identified on the Chernobyl nuclear reactor as early as 1991. Initially, it was difficult to understand why any form of life existed at the nuclear disaster site. It took scientists many years to determine how these fungi survive under such extreme conditions. The reactor that failed in April 1986 and exploded is one of the world's most inhospitable places. However, scientists have found fungi that use radiation to grow.
Fungi absorb radiation, which they use for growth
These fungi contain high levels of melanin, a pigment also found in human skin. While melanin is known for its ability to absorb light, studies have revealed an additional function in fungi. It absorbs radiation and converts it into chemical energy that promotes growth. This function of melanin in fungi resembles photosynthesis, where plant chlorophyll uses light to generate energy.
The future of space missions
Scientists speculate that these species of fungi could help protect astronauts from radiation in space. Organic shields, cultivated from living organisms, could facilitate space travel. Although we have technology that provides radiation protection, applying it beyond Earth is extremely challenging and costly.
Researchers suggest that the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum could serve as a self-renewing and self-replicating shield against radiation in space. In an experiment, Cladosporium sphaerospermum was placed on the International Space Station (ISS) for a month to study its effectiveness in blocking radiation. The experiment demonstrated that fungi can adapt to microgravity and thrive due to the presence of radiation in space. The results indicated that these fungi were capable of reducing radiation by two percent.
Medications for astronauts from fungi
Plans are also underway to explore the potential use of fungi to produce medications that would protect astronauts from the effects of long-term space missions. Additionally, the use of fungi as a potential food source during distant space expeditions is being considered. This highlights the versatility of these organisms in future journeys beyond Earth.
