Chornobyl dogs' dna evolves, reveals survival secrets
After the Chornobyl disaster in 1986, thousands of people were forced to leave their homes, abandoning their pets as well. Among these abandoned creatures were dogs, which have developed a unique and resilient population in the radiation-contaminated areas. New genetic research indicates that their DNA has significantly changed over the past four decades.
The dogs living in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone partly rely on the help of humans, such as scientists and workers in the region, who provide them with food and occasional veterinary care.
It is estimated that there are currently up to 800 semi-feral dogs in this area, which have survived despite extreme conditions and radiation exposure.
Our goal is to understand how the dogs have adapted to living in this environment, explains Elaine Ostrander, a geneticist from the National Human Genome Research Institute, quoted by "Wprost".
Found differences in DNA
Scientists analyzed the genetic material of 302 dogs inhabiting various locations around the reactor. The study results, published in "Science Advances," indicate significant differences in their DNA compared to dogs outside the zone.
According to "Wprost," it was discovered that the genomes of dogs living closest to the disaster site have unique characteristics, which may result from long-term exposure to radiation.
One of the surprises was finding as many as 15 distinct genetic groups within the Chernobyl dog population. Even if the animals move and mix, the differences in their genes remain distinct.
Surviving against all odds
The radiation to which Chernobyl's dogs are exposed may have increased their genetic diversity. They stand out with unique mutations that may be crucial in adapting to life in a contaminated environment.
We want to identify DNA variants that may have evolved in response to high radiation levels and help survival in such conditions, explains Ostrander.
"Wprost" reports that similar changes have been observed in other species inhabiting the exclusion zone. For example, Chernobyl wolves show increased resistance to cancer, and tree frogs have darker skin, which is likely related to higher levels of melanin protecting against radiation.
Evolution at an accelerated pace
Research on Chornobyl dogs provides a better understanding of how quickly populations can evolve in extreme environmental conditions.
Although there is currently no answer to the question of how genetic changes affect the health and behavior of these animals, scientists agree that this is just the beginning of fascinating discoveries about adaptation and survival in extreme conditions.
